Figure 3
From: S1P Is Associated with Protection in Human and Experimental Cerebral Malaria
Treatment of ECM with FTY720 decreases endothelium activation and improves blood-brain barrier integrity. (A) Plasma levels of sICAM-1, a marker of endothelial activation, are decreased in FTY720-treated animals (P < 0.001, KW): for (FTY720 (−1), P < 0.001, FTY720 (+1) P < 0.05 and FTY720 (+3), P < 0.001; DMC, three pooled IE, n ≥ 3/group/IE). (B) Plasma levels of Ang1, a marker of endothelial integrity, are increased in animals treated with FTY720 prophylactically (P < 0.01, KW and DMC, two pooled IE, n ≥ 3/group/IE) but not in animals treated during infection. (C) Brains stained with Evans blue were harvested on day 7 p.i. Brains displayed are from animals with the following parasitemia: Wild type: 12.7%; FTY720 (−1): 20.6%; FTY720 (+1): 17.8%; FTY720 (+3): 11.9%. Brains from FTY720-treated animals show improved endothelium integrity (less blue dye leakage from the blood into brain parenchyma) as compared with the wild-type animal (two pooled IE, n ≥ 3/group/IE).