Table 1 Subject characteristics.

Disease duration (years)

0.79 ± 0.49

15.29 ± 5.53

0.003^a

Age

Mean

25.7 ± 2.66

43.1 ± 9.16

0.008^a

Median

25.5

45

Range

23–29

27–55

Sex

Female (%)

83

100

Male (%)

17

0

Ethnicity

African American (%)

17

57

0.242

Hispanic (%)

83

29

0.103

Caucasian (%)

0

14

0.462

Education (years)

12.83 ± 2.14

12.85 ± 3.02

0.942

SLEDAI

1.67 ± 1.5

2.0 ± 2.30

0.940

DI

0.17 ± 0.41

1.29 ± 1.25

0.048^a

History of NPSLE

0

0

Anti-dsDNA titer (%)^b

33

43

0.59

Anticardiolipin (%)^c

33

29

0.72

Prednisone^d

14.17 ± 14.71

4.11 ± 5.62

0.127

Cellcept(current)

67%

14%

0.063

Azathioprine(current)

0

14%

0.355

Cyclophosphamide(current)

17%

0

0.280

Current DMARD^e

83%

29%

0.058

DMARD ever

83%

71%

0.626

Hypertension^f

50%

0

0.181

Diabetes mellitus^g

0

14%

0.355