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Table 1 Summary of redox characterized cysteine modifications with resulting inflammatory readouts and schematic molecular structure of HMGB1 (different cysteine redox states characterized by LC-MS/MS within HMGB1 and their relation to cytokine Induction and NF-κB nuclear translocation in cultured macrophages).

From: RETRACTED ARTICLE: Redox Modification of Cysteine Residues Regulates the Cytokine Activity of High Mobility Group Box-1 (HMGB1)

Molecule (representative spectra)

Schematic molecular overview

Cytokine inducing capacity and NF-κB nuclear translocation

A (Trace A-1, A-2, A-3)

Yes

B (Trace B-1, B-2, B-3)

No

C (Trace A-1,C-1, C-2)

No

D (Trace B-1, A-2, A-3)

No

E (Trace A-2, A-3)

No

F (Trace A-1, C-1)

No