Figure 12

The schematic represents key events regulated by P60 and P78 that may reduce complications in diabetic retinopathy. The antiangiogenic P60 may reduce vascular leakage by increasing tight junction proteins in retina vessels through Muller glia signaling and by lowering levels of inflammatory cytokines that promote vessel abnormalities. Inhibition of vascular pathology could in turn have downstream effects on retina cell survival. The neuroprotective P78 derivative may reduce RGC loss in the diabetic retina by reducing early microglia activation and levels of inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα. It may block late-stage vascular leakage through a Muller glia-mediated upregulation of tight junction proteins in the retina microvasculature. P78 could also have direct effects on RGC survival by yet undefined mechanisms.