Figure 1From: Carbenoxolone Blocks Endotoxin-Induced Protein Kinase R (PKR) Activation and High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) ReleaseChemical structures of a major gancao component and derivatives. The major gancao component GZA can be metabolized into glycyrrhitinic acid (GTA) via the glycaronidase-mediated hydrolysis in vivo. GTA (also called enoxolone) can be chemically derivatized by esterification into a succinate ester termed “carbenoxolone.”Back to article page