Figure 2

The functional activity of HMGB1 is regulated by its redox status. In its fully reduced form (HMGB1C23hC45hC106h), HMGB1 has cell migration-inducing activity but no cytokine-inducing activity. In its partly oxidized form, disulfide HMGB1 (HMGB1C23-C45C106h) has no cell migration-induced activity but possesses cytokine-inducing activity. The terminally oxidized form, sulfonyl HMGB1 (HMGB1C23soC45soC106so), has neither cell migration-inducing activity nor cytokine-inducing activity.