Figure 4

Infection prolongs systemic and neuroinflammatory response after surgery. Mice were injected with LPS 24 h after orthopedic surgery. Plasma levels of IL-1β and IL-6 were measured by ELISA in plasma and hippocampal tissue. (A) At 3 d following surgery, LPS treated animals had a sustained elevation of IL-1β in plasma. (B) Similarly, systemic levels of IL-6 were also upregulated at 3 d, returning to baseline by 7 d. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM and compared by one-way ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls method, n = 4 (**P < 0.01 versus C; ^#P < 0.05 versus S; ^##P < 0.01 versus S; ^&&P < 0.01 versus LPS; ^{^^}P < 0.01 versus S+LPS). C, control; S, surgery.