Table 1 Studies with factors enhancing matrix synthesis, the way of administration, and the effect of their application on the intervertebral disc cells.
From: Biologic Treatment of Mild and Moderate Intervertebral Disc Degeneration
Factor | Administration | Effect | References |
|---|---|---|---|
BMP-2 | In vitro culture of rat NP cells | Increase of collagen type II and proteoglycans | |
BMP-2, BMP-12, and adenoviral BMP-12 | In vitro incubation of human NP and AF cells | Increase of collagen and proteoglycans only in NP cells with BMP-2 and BMP-12, in both NP and AF cells with adenoviral BMP-12 | |
BMP-7 (OP-1) | Direct injection into rabbit IVD | Increased disc height, proteoglycan synthesis and decreased degeneration grades | |
GDF-5 | In vitro cultured bovine IVD cells | Increase of collagen and proteoglycan synthesis | |
GDF-5 | Direct injection into rabbit IVD | Restore IVD height, MRI, and histologic grading scores | |
GDF-5 | In vitro treatment of mouse IVD cells; gene therapy | Increased expression of genes for matrix synthesis | |
GDF-5 | Direct injection into rat IVD after encapsulated in PLGA microspheres | Restored disc height, improved GAGs content and collagen type II content | |
TGF-β and EGF | In vitro cultured rabbit NP cells | Upregulated mRNA expression of aggrecan and type I and II collagen | |
TGF-β and BMP-12 | In vitro cultured human NP cells | Increased matrix-related mRNA expression | |
PRP | In vitro cultured human NP cells | Upregulation of Sox9, collagen type II and aggrecan genes | |
PRP | In vitro cultured porcine NP and AF cells | Upregulated proteoglycan and collagen synthesis and cell proliferation | |
PRP | Direct injection into rabbit IVD | Restoration of disc height, increase of chondrocyte-like cells | |
TGF-β | Gene therapy, in vivo rabbit IVD | Increased proteoglycan synthesis | |
IGF-1 and BMP-2, and TGF-β and BMP-12 | Gene therapy, in vitro cultured human IVD cells | Increased proteoglycan synthesis | |
Simvastatin | Direct injection into rat IVD | Increased gene expression of aggrecan and collagen type II, improved degeneration grade | |
Lovastatin | Direct injection into rat IVD | Upregulated gene expression of aggrecan, collagen type II, BMP-2, and Sox-9 genes | |
LMP-1 | Gene therapy, in vivo in rabbits | Increased proteoglycan, BMP-2 and BMP-7 synthesis | |
LMP-1 | In vitro cultured AF cells and chondrocytes | Increased proteoglycan production, upregulation of mRNA expression of aggrecan, collagen type I and type II, BMP-2 and BMP-7 | |
Sox-9 | Gene therapy, in vitro cultured human IVD cells | Increased collagen type II synthesis | |
Sox-9 | Gene therapy, in vivo in rabbit IVD | Chondrocytic phenotype of IVD, restored architecture of NP | |
Sox-9 and OP-1 | Dual gene therapy, in vivo rabbit IVD | Restoration of disc height, upregulation of collagen type II and proteoglycan genes |