Table 2 Studies with factors delaying disc degeneration and factors that inhibit inflammation, the way of administration and the effect of their application on the intervertebral disc cells.
From: Biologic Treatment of Mild and Moderate Intervertebral Disc Degeneration
Factor | Administration | Effect | References |
|---|---|---|---|
Anti-ADAMTS-5 | Gene therapy, in vivo in rabbit IVD | Improved MRI and histologic grade scores | |
OP-1 | In vitro cultured human IVD cells | Reversed TNF-α-mediated degradation of matrix macromolecules | |
Etanercept | Subcutaneous injection in patients with symptomatic disc degeneration | Improved symptoms of discogenic pain | |
TNF-α antagonist | In vitro cultured human IVD cells | Attenuated the secretion of NO and PGE in a dose-dependent manner | |
IGF and PDGF | In vitro human AF cells | Reduction of the percentage of apoptotic cells | |
IGF-1 | Gene therapy, in vitro cultured human NP cells | Reversed the apoptotic rate of NP cells | |
PDGF | In vitro incubated human IVD cells | Inhibited cell apoptosis, increased cell proliferation and matrix production, and maintained mRNA expression of critical extracellular matrix genes | |
PDGF and IGF-1 and bFGF | In vitro cultured bovine IVD cells | Stimulated proteoglycan synthesis in NP cells and proliferation of IVD cells | |
TGF-β and FGF-2 | In vitro cultured human AF cells | Cartilaginous matrix was formed, enhanced expression of matrix molecules and of MMP-13 | |
Link-N | Direct injection into rabbit IVD | Increased aggrecan gene expression and decreased proteinase gene expression in both the NP and AF | |
Link-N | In vitro human IVD cells | Promoted proteoglycan synthesis, decreased levels of ADAMTS-4, ADAMTS-5, MMP-3, MMP-13 | |
TIMP-1 | Gene therapy, in vivo rabbit IVD | Less MRI and histologic evidence of degeneration | |
TIMP-1 | Gene therapy, in vitro cultured human IVD cells | Increased proteoglycan synthesis | |
IL-1Ra | Gene therapy, ex vivo in human IVD | Increased IL-1Ra protein expression, elimination of matrix degradation | |
IL-1Ra and TNF inhibitors | In vitro cultured human IVD | Decreased levels of MMP-1 and MMP-3 | |
Resveratol | In vitro cultured human IVD cells | Antiinflammatory and anticatabolic effect on the mRNA and protein level for IL-6, IL-8, MMP-1, MMP-3 and MMP-13 | |
Resveratol | In vivo in rodent IVD | Reduced pain behavior triggered by application of NP tissue on the dorsal root ganglion for up to 14 d |