Figure 1
From: Extracellular High-Mobility Group Box 1 Protein (HMGB1) as a Mediator of Persistent Pain
HMGB1 induces pain-like behavior in rodents. (A) Injection of recombinant HMGB1 to the paw, ankle joint, sciatic nerve or intrathecal space evokes pain-like behavior in rodents. (B) The structure of HMGB1 with the two DNA binding domains (the A and B boxes), the acidic C-terminal tail and nuclear location signals (NLSs) outlined. The three cysteine residues that are important for functional activity of HMGB1 are highlighted. (C) Graph shows that intraarticular (i.a.) injection of 1 µg disulfide HMGB1, but not saline, induces mechanical hypersensitivity in male Balb/c mice 6 h after injection. Mechanical sensitivity is assessed by von Frey filaments, and data are presented as threshold (g) with 50% probability of response. Data represents mean ± standard error of the mean. n = 5/group. **p < 0.001.