Table 1 Metabolic parameters.^a

Body weight (g)

28.01 ± 0.5

31.07 ± 1.12^b

29.66 ± 0.86^c

39.51 ± 1.51^d,e

Weight gain (g)

6.13 ± 0.33

9.54 ± 1.02^b

7.91 ± 0.97^c

17.7 ± 1.83^c,d

Total VAT (g)

0.45 ± 0.02

1.21 ± 0.22^d

0.56 ± 0.08

2.81 ± 0.33^d,e

Liver (g)

1.39 ± 0.03

1.34 ± 0.05

1.46 ± 0.13

1.72 ± 0.13^c

Cholesterol (mmol/L)

3.18 ± 0.17

4.76 ± 0.13^d

3.40 ± 0.16

5.96 ± 0.22^d’^e

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.34 ± 0.07

1.35 ± 0.09

1.48 ± 0.11

1.74 ± 0.07^c

Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L)

7.16 ± 0.27

7.34 ± 0.21

8.79 ± 0.31^e

10.67 ± 0.36^d,e

Fasting insulin (ng/mL)

0.36 ± 0.16

0.36 ± 0.12

0.39 ± 0.06

1.87 ± 0.19^b,c

HOMA-IR

1.04 ± 0.08

1.52 ± 0.39

4.39 ± 0.89^c

8.65 ± 1.87^b,c

AST (IU/L)

86.2 ± 4.77

101.8 ± 4.14^b

65.5 ± 7.51

64.5 ± 1.72^c

ALT (IU/L)

28.5 ± 1.87

52.6 ± 6.14^b

23.5 ± 2.25

27.25 ± 3.01^c