Table 1 Redox isoforms of HMGB1.
Molecule/cysteine redox level | Schematic molecular structure | Nomenclature with redox status of cysteines (C23, C45 + C106) | Cytokine-inducing activity | Chemoattractant activity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
All-thiol HMGB1 (fully reduced) |
| HMGB1.C23h.C45h.C106h | No | Yes |
Disulfide HMGB1 |
| HMGB1.C23–C45.C106 | Yes | No |
Sulfonyl HMGB1 (fully oxidized) |
| HMGB1.C23soC45soC106so | No | No |
