Figure 7From: Oncogenic Role of the Ec Peptide of the IGF-1Ec Isoform in Prostate CancerMode of action of PEc. PEc is secreted from prostate cancer cells acting in an autocrine and/or paracrine manner, and stimulates prostate cancer cell growth by activating ERK1/2 via an IGF-1R-, IR- and IGF-1R/IR-independent mechanism and induces EMT via ZEB1 expression, inducing prostate cancer metastatic ability.Back to article page