Figure 4

Synd4-induced cardiomyocytes hypertrophy was associated with distinct molecular phenotypes in physiological hypertrophy. Ad-synd4 was used to activate synd4. Ad-Lacz was used as control. IGF-1 (10 nmol/L) and ISO (10 µm) were added to Ad-Lacz-transfected cells to induce typical physiological and pathological cell hypertrophy respectively. Real-time PCR was used to assess gene expression in hypertrophic cardiomyocytes. (A) Fetal gene (β-MHC, ANP and α-skeletal actin) reprogramming was observed in ISO-treated, but not synd4-overexpressed, IGF-1-treated cardiomyocytes. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, Ad-synd4 versus Ad-Lacz + ISO, Ad-Lacz + IGF-1 versus Ad-Lacz + ISO; N = 3 experiments, ANOVA; (B) The lipid metabolism-related genes (PPARα, mCPT-1 and MCAD) were upregulated in synd4-overexpressed and IGF-1-treated cardiomyocytes. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, Ad-synd4 versus Ad-Lacz + ISO, Ad-Lacz + IGF-1 versus Ad-Lacz + ISO; N = 3 experiments, ANOVA; (C) By contrast, the glucose metabolism-related genes (GLUT1, hexokinase 2, PDK1, LDH, HIF-1α) upregulated in ISO-treated cardiomyocytes. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, Ad-synd4 versus Ad-Lacz + ISO, Ad-Lacz + IGF-1 versus Ad-Lacz + ISO; N = 3 experiments, ANOVA; (D) Western blot showed increases of PPARα expression in synd4-overexpressed and IGF-1-treated cardiomyocytes, and increases of ANF in ISO-treated cardiomyocytes. Data are shown as a ratio to β-actin. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, Ad-synd4 versus Ad-Lacz + ISO, Ad-Lacz + IGF-1 versus Ad-Lacz + ISO, Ad-synd4 versus Ad-Lacz + IGF-1, Ad-Lacz versus Ad-Lacz + ISO; N = 3 experiments, ANOVA; ANP: atrial natriuretic peptide.