Figure 4

(A) Mean values and standard deviation of total blood superoxide anion measured by lucigenin-derived chemiluminescence (20 micromol/L) were significantly higher in both LC and LC-COPD compared with controls. Blood superoxide anion levels were also greater in LC-COPD compared with LC patients. The absence of any statistical sign means that no significant differences were found between groups for the different study comparisons. (B) Mean values and standard deviation of total blood protein carbonylation as measured by ELISA (nmol/mg) were significantly higher in both LC and LC-COPD patients compared with controls. Total blood protein carbonylation levels were also increased in LC-COPD compared with LC patients. The absence of any statistical sign means that no significant differences were found between groups for the different study comparisons. (C) Mean values and standard deviation of blood protein tyrosine nitration as measured by ELISA (nmol/L) were significantly greater in LC and LC-COPD patients compared with controls. Blood nitrotyrosine levels were also higher in LC-COPD compared with LC patients. Significant p values (p < 0.05) that correspond to comparisons between the different groups of patient and types of samples (blood and lung specimens) are indicated using an arrow in each case. The absence of any statistical sign means that no significant differences were found between groups for the different study comparisons. (D) Mean values and standard deviation of GSSG/GSH as measured by ELISA (µmol/L) in the blood did not significantly differ among the study groups of patients. The absence of any statistical sign means that no significantly differences were found between groups for the different study comparisons.