Figure 1

Hierarchical plot of predictors of residual depression. Circles are color-coded by the calculated effect on residual depression (increase or decrease; scale). Of 20 physiological, psychological and medical parameters entered into the model, chronic pain, smoking, sport activity, inflammation parameters, and BMI all emerged as significant predictors. Note that chronic pain increases the residual depression (top row), whereas in pain-free volunteers, smoking increases the residual depression (second row), and over 1.94 exercise hours per week (third row, middle panel) elevated depression scores.