Figure 1

AAT inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclast formation. (A) TRAP⁺ multinuclear cells. MNCs (cell number/well of 96-well cell culture plate) derived from bMM cells. Top diagram, experimental design. Different concentrations of AAT were added during RANKL-induced osteoclast formation (Exp-1, d 0–7). b TRAP⁺ MNCs (cell number/well of 96-well cell culture plate) derived from RAW 264.7 cells. Here, osteoclasts were generated with RANKL for 6 d with or without different concentrations of AAT as indicated. (C–G) Representative images of TRAP⁺ MNCs shown in (A): (C) M-CSF only (considered as negative control); (D) RANKL + M-CSF (considered as positive control); (E) RANKL + M-CSF + AAT (0.5 mg/mL); (F) RANKL + M-CSF + AAT (1 mg/mL); (G) RANKL + M-CSF + AAT (2 mg/mL). Values are means ± SEM of at least triplicate samples. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison test. ***P <0.0001. Scale bar, 50 µm. The arrow indicates multinuclear osteoclast cells.