Articles

Nuclear Localization Signal of HIV-1 as a Novel Target for Therapeutic Intervention

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a lentivirus and shares with other members of this retroviral subfamily the ability to replicate in nondividing cells, in particular, cells of the monocyte/macrop...

Authors: Larisa Dubrovsky, Peter Ulrich, Gerard J. Nuovo, Kirk R. Manogue, Anthony Cerami and Michael Bukrinsky

Genomic Organization and Sequence of the Human NRAMP Gene: Identification and Mapping of a Promoter Region Polymorphism

Murine Nramp is a candidate for the macrophage resistance gene Ity/Lsh/Bcg. Sequence analysis of human NRAMP was undertaken to determine its role in man.

Authors: Jenefer M. Blackwell, C. Howard Barton, Jacqueline K. White, Susan Searle, Anne-Marie Baker, Hazel Williams and Marie-Anne Shaw

Hypoxic Induction of Endothelial Cell Growth Factors in Retinal Cells: Identification and Characterization of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) as the Mitogen

New vessel growth is often associated with ischemia, and hypoxic tissue has been identified as a potential source of angiogenic factors. In particular, ischemia is associated with the development of neovascula...

Authors: David T. Shima, Anthony P. Adamis, Napoleone Ferrara, Kiang-Teck Yeo, Tet-Kin Yeo, Rapheal Allende, Judah Folkman and Patricia A. D’Amore

The Molecular Basis of Increased Glomerulosclerosis after Blockade of the Renin Angiotensin System in Growth Hormone Transgenic Mice

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) therapy delays the onset of renal failure in diabetic nephropathy and inhibits or delays the onset of proteinuria in several animal models.

Authors: Emmanuel P. Peten, Liliane J. Striker, Agnes Fogo, Iekuni Ichikawa, Aneeta Patel and Gary E. Striker

Lipopolysaccharide Signals Activation of Tumor Necrosis Factor Biosynthesis Through the Ras/Raf-1/MEK/MAPK Pathway

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is known to activate macrophages, causing the release of toxic cytokines that may provoke inflammation and shock. One of the most important and best studied of these cytokines is tumor...

Authors: Thomas D. Geppert, Charles E. Whitehurst, Patricia Thompson and Bruce Beutler

Glucocerebrosidase Mutations in Gaucher Disease

Thirty-six mutations that cause Gaucher disease, the most common glycolipid storage disorder, are known. Although both alleles of most patients with the disease contain one of these mutations, in a few patient...

Authors: Ernest Beutler, Anna Demina and Terri Gelbart

Circulating Fibrocytes Define a New Leukocyte Subpopulation That Mediates Tissue Repair

The host response to tissue injury requires a complex interplay of diverse cellular, humoral, and connective tissue elements. Fibroblasts participate in this process by proliferating within injured sites and c...

Authors: Richard Bucala, Lori A. Spiegel, Jason Chesney, Margaret Hogan and Anthony Cerami

X Chromosome Inactivation Patterns Correlate with Fetal-Placental Anatomy in Monozygotic Twin Pairs: Implications for Immune Relatedness and Concordance for Autoimmunity

Monozygotic (MZ) twinning is a poorly understood phenomenon that may result in subtle biologic differences between twins, despite their identical inheritance. These differences may in part account for discorda...

Authors: Velia Trejo, Catherine Derom, Robert Vlietinck, William Ollier, Alan Silman, George Ebers, Robert Derom and Peter K. Gregersen

Clonal Hematopoiesis and Acquired Thalassemia in Common Variable Immunodeficiency

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is defined by hypogammaglobulinemia and increased susceptibility to infections. The gene defect responsible for CVID remains unknown.

Authors: Monika Belickova, Harry W. Schroeder Jr., Y. L. Guan, Joseph Brierre, Seth Berney, Max D. Cooper and Josef T. Prchal

The Evolutionarily Conserved Ribosomal Protein L23 and the Cationic Urease β-Subunit of Yersinia enterocolitica O:3 Belong to the Immunodominant Antigens in Yersinia-Triggered Reactive Arthritis: Implications for Autoimmunity

Reactive arthritis (ReA) is a T cell mediated inflammatory process. The immune response is primarily directed against a triggering organism, although autoimmunity has been invoked in long-lasting, antibiotic-r...

Authors: Andreas K. H. Mertz, Angelika Daser, Mikael Skurnik, Karl-Heinz Wiesmüller, Jürgen Braun, Heiner Appel, Steven Batsford, Peihua Wu, Armin Distler and Joachim Sieper

Pentoxifylline and Other Protein Kinase C Inhibitors Down-Regulate HIV-LTR NF-κB Induced Gene Expression

This investigation deals with the molecular mechanism of anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) action of pentoxifylline (PTX) [1-(5′-oxohexyl)-3,7-dimethylxanthine] a drug widely used for the treatm...

Authors: Debajit K. Biswas, Christoph M. Ahlers, Bruce J. Dezube and Arthur B. Pardee

High Prion and PrP^Sc Levels but Delayed Onset of Disease in Scrapie-Inoculated Mice Heterozygous for a Disrupted PrP Gene

It has been proposed that the prion, the infectious agent of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, is PrP^Sc, a post-translationally modified form of the normal host protein PrP^C. We showed previously that mi...

Authors: Hansruedi Büeler, Alex Raeber, Andreas Sailer, Marek Fischer, Adriano Aguzzi and Charles Weissmann

Role of Macrophage Oxidative Burst in the Action of Anthrax Lethal Toxin

Major symptoms and death from systemic Bacillus anthracis infections are mediated by the action of the pathogen’s lethal toxin on host macrophages. High levels of the toxin are cytolytic to macrophages, whereas l...

Authors: Philip C. Hanna, Benjamin A. Kruskal, R. Allen B. Ezekowitz, Barry R. Bloom and R. John Collier

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Molecular Medicine: The Future of Biomedical Science and Clinical Practice

Authors: Anthony Cerami and Kenneth S. Warren