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  1. Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) is a difficult-to-treat subepidermal autoimmune blistering skin disease (AIBD) with circulating and tissue-bound anti-type VII collagen antibodies. Different reports have ...

    Authors: Misa Hirose, Anika Kasprick, Foteini Beltsiou, Katharina Schulze Dieckhoff, Franziska Sophie Schulze, Unni K J S R L Samavedam, Jennifer E Hundt, Hendri H Pas, Marcel F Jonkman, Enno Schmidt, Kathrin Kalies, Detlef Zillikens, Ralf J Ludwig and Katja Bieber
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2016 22:2201918
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  2. Although low-energy shock wave (SW) is adopted to treat ischemic diseases because of its pro-angiogenic properties, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study is aimed at testing whether SW-induced a...

    Authors: Tien-Hung Huang, Cheuk-Kwan Sun, Yi-Ling Chen, Ching-Jen Wang, Tsung-Cheng Yin, Mel S Lee and Hon-Kan Yip
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2016 22:2201850
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  3. The signals causing resolution of muscle inflammation are only partially characterized. The long pentraxin PTX3, which modulates leukocyte recruitment and activation, could contribute. We analyzed the expressi...

    Authors: Michela Vezzoli, Clara Sciorati, Lara Campana, Antonella Monno, Maria Giulia Doglio, Elena Rigamonti, Gianfranca Corna, Thierry Touvier, Alessandra Castiglioni, Annalisa Capobianco, Alberto Mantovani, Angelo A Manfredi, Cecilia Garlanda and Patrizia Rovere-Querini
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2016 22:2201809
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  4. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) leads to the formation of ocular fibrotic pathologies, such as anterior subcapsular cataract and posterior capsule opacificati...

    Authors: Anna Korol, Aftab Taiyab and Judith A West-Mays
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2016 22:2201713
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  5. Circulating γδ T cells In healthy Individuals rapidly respond to bacterial and viral pathogens. Many studies have demonstrated that γδ T cells are activated and expanded by Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogene...

    Authors: Yuli Zhu, Huaishan Wang, Yi Xu, Yu Hu, Hui Chen, Lianxian Cui, Jianmin Zhang and Wei He
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2016 22:2201737
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  6. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease that results in a chronic and inflammatory disorder. Dynamic balance of helper T cells (Th) 1 and 17 and regulatory T cells (Treg) is broken in RA. Si...

    Authors: Xiaoyin Niu, Shaohua Deng, Shan Li, Yebin Xi, Chengzhen Li, Li Wang, Dongyi He, Zhaojun Wang and Guangjie Chen
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2016 22:2201608
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  7. The Cadherin 13 (CDH13) gene encodes a cell adhesion molecule likely to influence development and connections of brain circuits that modulate addiction, locomotion and cognition, including those that involve midb...

    Authors: Jana Drgonova, Donna Walther, G. Luke Hartstein, Mohammad O. Bukhari, Michael H. Baumann, Jonathan Katz, F. Scott Hall, Elizabeth R. Arnold, Shaun Flax, Anthony Riley, Olga Rivero, Klaus-Peter Lesch, Juan Troncoso, Barbara Ranscht and George R. Uhl
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2016 22:2201537
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  8. Male sex is a risk factor for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Within the AAA adventitia, infiltrating leukocytes express high levels of inflammasome components. To further elucidate the role of inflammatory c...

    Authors: Xiaoyu Wu, Sinan Cakmak, Markus Wortmann, Maani Hakimi, Jian Zhang, Dittmar Böckler and Susanne Dihlmann
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2016 22:2201508
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  9. We investigated the pathophysiology of diet-induced diabetes in the Cohen diabetic rat (CDs/y) from its induction to its chronic phase, using a multilayered integrated genomic approach. We identified by linkag...

    Authors: Yoram Yagil, Barak Markus, Refael Kohen and Chana Yagil
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2016 22:2201560
    Content type: Original Articles Published on:

  10. The exponential rise in molecular and genomic data has generated a vast array of therapeutic targets. Oligonucleotide-based technologies to down regulate these molecular targets have promising therapeutic effi...

    Authors: Noriko Satake, Connie Duong, Sakiko Yoshida, Michael Oestergaard, Cathy Chen, Rachael Peralta, Shuling Guo, Punit P Seth, Yueju Li, Laurel Beckett, Jong Chung, Jan Nolta, Nitin Nitin and Joseph M Tuscano
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2016 22:2201632
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  11. Lung cancer is the leading cause of mortality among all cancer types worldwide. The latest available global statistics of the World Health Organization report 1.59 million casualities in 2012. Worldwide, 1 in ...

    Authors: Havva O Kilgoz, Guzide Bender, Joseph M Scandura, Agnes Viale and Bahar Taneri
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2016 22:2201380
    Content type: Invited Review Article Published on:

  12. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by β cell destruction, insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia. Activated macrophages and autoimmune T cells play a crucial role in the...

    Authors: LaQueta K Hudson, Meghan E Dancho, Jianhua Li, Johanna B Bruchfeld, Ahmed A Ragab, Mingzhu M He, Meaghan Bragg, Delaney Lenaghan, Michael D Quinn, Jason R Fritz, Matthew V Tanzi, Harold A Silverman, William M Hanes, Yaakov A Levine, Valentin A Pavlov, Peder S Olofsson…
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2016 22:2201585
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  13. Genetic features of chronic pancreatitis (CP) have been investigated extensively, mainly by testing genes associated to the trypsinogen activation pathway. However, different molecular pathways involving other...

    Authors: Valentina Maria Sofia, Letizia Da Sacco, Cecilia Surace, Anna Cristina Tomaiuolo, Silvia Genovese, Simona Grotta, Maria Gnazzo, Stefano Petrocchi, Laura Ciocca, Federico Alghisi, Enza Montemitro, Luigi Martemucci, Ausilia Elce, Vincenzina Lucidi, Giuseppe Castaldo and Adriano Angioni
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2016 22:2201300
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  14. Single-chain antibodies (scFvs), which contain only the variable domains of full-length antibodies, are relatively small molecules that can be used for selective drug delivery. In this review, we discuss how s...

    Authors: Yaghoub Safdari, Vahideh Ahmadzadeh, Masoumeh Khalili, Hossein Zarei Jaliani, Vahid Zarei and Vahid Erfani-Moghadam
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2016 22:2201258
    Content type: Review Article Published on:

  15. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear DNA binding protein that acts as an alarmin when secreted. HMGB1 is increased in systemic lupus erythematosus and might represent a potential therapeutic target. ...

    Authors: Fleur Schaper, Mirjan M van Timmeren, Arjen Petersen, Gerda Horst, Marc Bijl, Pieter C Limburg, Johanna Westra and Peter Heeringa
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2016 22:2201012
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  16. Infusion of the heme-binding protein hemopexin has been proposed as a novel approach to decrease heme-induced inflammation in settings of red blood cell breakdown, but questions have been raised as to possible...

    Authors: Tian Lin, Jialin Liu, Feng Huang, Tjitske S R van Engelen, Sujatha R Thundivalappil, Frank E Riley, Michael Super, Alexander L Watters, Ann Smith, Nathan Brinkman, Donald E Ingber and H Shaw Warren
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2016 22:2201022
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  17. Extensively burned patients often suffer from sepsis, a complication that enhances postburn hypermetabolism and contributes to increased incidence of multiple organ failure, morbidity and mortality. Despite th...

    Authors: Li Diao, David Patsouris, Ali-Reza Sadri, Xiaojing Dai, Saeid Amini-Nik and Marc G. Jeschke
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2015 21:2101959
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  18. Patients surviving sepsis develop anemia, but the molecular mechanism is unknown. Here we observed that mice surviving polymicrobial gram-negative sepsis develop hypochromic, microcytic anemia with reticulocyt...

    Authors: Sergio I. Valdés-Ferrer, Julien Papoin, Meghan E. Dancho, Peder S. Olofsson, Jianhua Li, Jeffrey M. Lipton, Patricia Avancena, Huan Yang, Yong-Rui Zou, Sangeeta S. Chavan, Bruce T. Volpe, Sara Gardenghi, Stefano Rivella, Betty Diamond, Ulf Andersson, Bettie M. Steinberg…
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2015 21:2101951
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  19. In the era of personalized cancer medicine, identifying mutations within patient tumors plays an important role in defining high-risk stage II colon cancer patients. The prognostic role of BRAF V600E mutation, mi...

    Authors: F. Jeroen Vogelaar, Felice N. van Erning, Marlies S. Reimers, Hans van der Linden, Hans Pruijt, Adriaan J. C. van den Brule and Koop Bosscha
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2015 21:21011038
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  20. The following paragraph was published in: Christoph Ott, Henrik Martens, Imam Hassouna, Bárbara Oliveira, Christian Erck, Maria-Patapia Zafeiriou, Ulla-Kaisa Peteri, Dörte Hesse, Simone Gerhart, Bekir Altas, T...

    Authors: Christoph Ott, Henrik Martens, Imam Hassouna, Barbara Oliveira, Christian Erck, Maria-Patapia Zafeiriou, Ulla-Kaisa Peteri, Dörte Hesse, Simone Gerhart, Bekir Altas, Tekla Kolbow, Herbert Stadler, Hiroshi Kawabe, Wolfram-Hubertus Zimmermann, Klaus-Armin Nave, Walter Schulz-Schaeffer…
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2015 21:2101816
    Content type: Erratum Published on:

    The original article was published in Molecular Medicine 2015 21:Art80

  21. The following paper had incorrect IC50 values in Table 1; the values should be the same as given in Table 2:

    Authors: Davorka Messmer, Kymmy Lorrain, Karin Stebbins, Yalda Bravo, Nicholas Stock, Geraldine Cabrera, Lucia Correa, Austin Chen, Jason Jacintho, Nicholas Chiorazzi, Xiao Jie Yan, David Spaner, Peppi Prasit and Daniel Lorrain
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2015 21:2101665
    Content type: Erratum Published on:

    The original article was published in Molecular Medicine 2015 21:Art40

  22. Sepsis remains a major medical issue despite decades of research. Identification of important inflammatory cascades and key molecular mediators are crucial for developing intervention and prevention strategies...

    Authors: Maria Karmella Apaya, Chih-Yu Lin, Ching-Yi Chiou, Chung-Chih Yang, Chen-Yun Ting and Lie-Fen Shyur
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2015 21:2101988
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  23. Sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM) is a rare disease that is difficult to diagnose. Muscle biopsy provides three prominent pathological findings: inflammation, mitochondrial abnormalities and fibber degen...

    Authors: Marc Catalán-García, Glòria Garrabou, Constanza Morén, Mariona Guitart-Mampel, Ingrid Gonzalez-Casacuberta, Adriana Hernando, Jose Miquel Gallego-Escuredo, Dèlia Yubero, Francesc Villarroya, Raquel Montero, Albert Selva O-Callaghan, Francesc Cardellach and Josep Maria Grau
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2015 21:2101817
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  24. Circulating tumor cells (CTC) may be defined as tumor- or metastasis-derived cells that are present in the bloodstream. The CTC pool in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients may include not only epithelial tumor ce...

    Authors: Jennifer E. Hardingham, Phulwinder Grover, Marnie Winter, Peter J. Hewett, Timothy J. Price and Benjamin Thierry
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2015 21(Suppl 1):21010025
    Content type: Invited Review Article Published on:

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 21 Supplement 1

  25. Twenty-five years ago marked the publication of the first report describing a functional contribution by the cytokine, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), to tumor-associated angiogenesis and growth....

    Authors: Jason A. Chesney and Robert A. Mitchell
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2015 21(Suppl 1):21010019
    Content type: Invited Review Article Published on:

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 21 Supplement 1

  26. Extensive research has been carried out to decipher the function of the adaptive immune response in atherosclerosis, with the expectation that it will pave the road for the design of immunomodulatory therapies...

    Authors: Marie Le Borgne, Giuseppina Caligiuri and Antonino Nicoletti
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2015 21(Suppl 1):21010013
    Content type: Invited Review Article Published on:

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 21 Supplement 1

  27. High mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) is an evolutionary ancient nuclear protein that exerts divergent biological tasks inside and outside of cells. The functions of HMGB1 depend on location, binding partn...

    Authors: Huan Yang, Haichao Wang, Sangeeta S. Chavan and Ulf Andersson
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2015 21(Suppl 1):21010006
    Content type: Invited Review Article Published on:

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 21 Supplement 1

  30. Erythropoietin (EPO) exerts potent neuroprotective, neuroregenerative and procognitive functions. However, unequivocal demonstration of erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) expression in brain cells has remained dif...

    Authors: Christoph Ott, Henrik Martens, Imam Hassouna, Barbara Oliveira, Christian Erck, Maria-Patapia Zafeiriou, Ulla-Kaisa Peteri, Dörte Hesse, Simone Gerhart, Bekir Altas, Tekla Kolbow, Herbert Stadler, Hiroshi Kawabe, Wolfram-Hubertus Zimmermann, Klaus-Armin Nave, Walter Schulz-Schaeffer…
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2015 21:2101803
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  31. Erythropoietin (EPO) has both erythropoietic and tissue-protective properties. The EPO analogues carbamylated EPO (CEPO) and pyroglutamate helix B surface peptide (pHBSP) lack the erythropoietic activity of EP...

    Authors: Lamia Heikal, Pietro Ghezzi, Manuela Mengozzi and Gordon Ferns
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2015 21:2101709
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  32. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 is a cytokine that participates in a broad range of cellular regulatory processes and is associated with various diseases including aortic aneurysm. Increased TGF-β1 levels ...

    Authors: Ramune Sepetiene, Vaiva Patamsyte, Giedrius Zukovas, Giedre Jariene, Zita Stanioniene, Rimantas Benetis, Abdonas Tamosiunas and Vaiva Lesauskaite
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2015 21:2101735
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  33. Simvastatin has been shown to have antiinflammatory effects that are independent of its serum cholesterol lowering action, but the mechanisms by which these antiinflammatory effects are mediated have not been ...

    Authors: Lisa Mullen, Jason Ferdjani and Sandra Sacre
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2015 21:2101726
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  34. Type 1 diabetes in mice is characterized by autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells. Disease pathogenesis involves invasion of pancreatic islets by immune cells, including macrophages an...

    Authors: William M. Hanes, Peder S. Olofsson, Kevin Kwan, LaQueta K. Hudson, Sangeeta S. Chavan, Valentin A. Pavlov and Kevin J. Tracey
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2015 21:2101702
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  35. Defects in intestinal epithelial integrity occur commonly in various pathologies. miR-222 is implicated in many aspects of cellular function and plays an important role in several diseases, but its exact biolo...

    Authors: Hee Kyoung Chung, Yu Chen, Jaladanki N. Rao, Lan Liu, Lan Xiao, Douglas J. Turner, Peixin Yang, Myriam Gorospe and Jian-Ying Wang
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2015 21:2101676
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  36. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a disease with high morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) and hereditary pulmonary arterial hypertension (HPAH) is approxim...

    Authors: Pravin B. Sehgal, Yang-Ming Yang and Edmund J. Miller
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2015 21:2101688
    Content type: Review Article Published on:

  37. Biliary atresia (BA) is a devastating liver disease of unknown etiology affecting children generally within the first 3 months of life. The disease is manifested by inflammation and subsequent obstruction of t...

    Authors: Tatiana Iordanskaia, Miroslav Malesevic, Gunter Fischer, Tatiana Pushkarsky, Michael Bukrinsky and Evan P. Nadler
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2015 21:2101657
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  38. MicroRNA (miR)-145 is the most abundant miR in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). However, the effect of hyperglycemia on the regulation of miR-145 is unknown. We hypothesized that the hyperglycemic conditi...

    Authors: Kou-Gi Shyu, Wen-Ping Cheng and Bao-Wei Wang
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2015 21:2101616
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  40. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation is widely implicated in multiple organ failure (MOF); however, a direct inhibitor of IκB kinase (IKK), which plays a pivotal role in the activation of NF-κB, has not b...

    Authors: Regina Sordi, Fausto Chiazza, Florence L. Johnson, Nimesh S. A. Patel, Karim Brohi, Massimo Collino and Christoph Thiemermann
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2015 21:2101563
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  41. Neonates manifest a unique host response to sepsis even among other children. Preterm neonates may experience sepsis soon after birth or during often-protracted birth hospitalizations as they attain physiologi...

    Authors: James L. Wynn, Scott O. Guthrie, Hector R. Wong, Patrick Lahni, Ricardo Ungaro, M. Cecilia Lopez, Henry V. Baker and Lyle L. Moldawer
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2015 21:2101496
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  42. The importance of Galectin-3 (Gal-3) in obesity-associated liver pathology is incompletely defined. To dissect the role of Gal-3 in fibrotic nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), Gal-3-deficient (LGALS3−/−) and wi...

    Authors: Ilija Jeftic, Nemanja Jovicic, Jelena Pantic, Nebojsa Arsenijevic, Miodrag L. Lukic and Nada Pejnovic
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2015 21:2101453
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  44. Anti-Thy1 glomerulonephritis is a rat nephritis model closely simulating human mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis. It affects primarily the mesangium, yet displays substantial proteinuria during the co...

    Authors: Yung-Ming Chen, Wen-Chih Chiang, Yalin Yang, Chun-Fu Lai, Kwan-Dun Wu and Shuei-Liong Lin
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2015 21:2101276
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  45. Hyperthrophic scarring of the skin is caused by excessive activity of skin myofibroblasts after wound healing and often leads to functional and/or aesthetic disturbance with significant impairment of patient q...

    Authors: Christiane Gras, Dominica Ratuszny, Catarina Hadamitzky, Haijiao Zhang, Rainer Blasczyk and Constança Figueiredo
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2015 21:2101296
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  46. Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is associated with an increased rate of morbidity and mortality. It is not understood what the exact mechanism is for the brain dysfunction that occurs in septic patients...

    Authors: Monique Michels, Lucinéia Gainski Danieslki, Andriele Vieira, Drielly Florentino, Dhébora Dall’Igna, Letícia Galant, Beatriz Sonai, Francieli Vuolo, Franciele Mina, Bruna Pescador, Diogo Dominguini, Tatiana Barichello, Joäo Quevedo, Felipe Dal-Pizzol and Fabrícia Petronilho
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2015 21:2101219
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  47. Thoracic X-ray therapy (XRT), used in cancer treatment, is associated with increased risk of heart failure. XRT-mediated injury to the heart induces an inflammatory response leading to cardiomyopathy. The aim ...

    Authors: Eleonora Mezzaroma, Ross B. Mikkelsen, Stefano Toldo, Adolfo G. Mauro, Khushboo Sharma, Carlo Marchetti, Asim Alam, Benjamin W. Van Tassell, David A. Gewirtz and Antonio Abbate
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2015 21:2101210
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  49. MicroRNAs (or miRs) play a crucial role in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) physiopathology and prognosis. In addition, circulating microRNAs in body fluids have been proposed as new biomarkers. We investiga...

    Authors: Basile Stamatopoulos, Michaël Van Damme, Emerence Crompot, Barbara Dessars, Hakim El Housni, Philippe Mineur, Nathalie Meuleman, Dominique Bron and Laurence Lagneaux
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2015 21:2101123
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  50. Doxorubicin (DOX) is a widely used, potent chemotherapeutic agent; however, its clinical application is limited because of its dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. DOX’s cardiotoxicity involves increased oxidative/n...

    Authors: Enkui Hao, Partha Mukhopadhyay, Zongxian Cao, Katalin Erdélyi, Eileen Holovac, Lucas Liaudet, Wen-Shin Lee, György Haskó, Raphael Mechoulam and Pál Pacher
    Citation: Molecular Medicine 2015 21:2101038
    Content type: Research Article Published on:
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